Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: The Mechanisms Underlying α-Amanitin Resistance in Drosophila melanogaster : A Microarray Analysis

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093489

Figure Lengend Snippet: Single gene analysis for Ama-KTT/M/2 versus Canton-S on no toxin (group 2 versus 1).

Article Snippet: The primer pairs used were a part of the Taqman Gene Expression Assays kit (Applied Biosystems): Dm02361072_s1, Dm01831596_g1, Dm01840671_g1, Dm01830394_g1, Dm01822311_g1, Dm01804633_g1, Dm01799869_s1, Dm02147253_g1, Dm01817955_g1, Dm02152265_s1, Dm01826948_s1, and Dm02374415_g1.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Drug-Encoded Biomarkers for Monitoring Biological Therapies

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137573

Figure Lengend Snippet: Glucuronidase assay substrates.

Article Snippet: Carboxyumbelliferyl β-D-glucuronide , CUGlcU , 386 nm , 445 nm , Marker Gene Technologies Inc., Eugene, USA.

Techniques: Marker

Journal: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

Article Title: Proteopathy Linked to Exon-Skipping Isoform of RGR-Opsin Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

doi: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.41

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primers Used for PCR

Article Snippet: Lentivirus carrying the human RGR and RGR-d gene (Lv-RGR and Lv-RGR-d) was constructed commercially by Genechem Technology (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Reverse Transcription

Journal: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

Article Title: Proteopathy Linked to Exon-Skipping Isoform of RGR-Opsin Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

doi: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.41

Figure Lengend Snippet: Degradation of RGR-d protein by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. ARPE-19 cells were stably transfected by NC-, RGR-, or RGR-d–overexpressing lentivirus, referred to as NC, RGR, and RGR-d cells. ( A ) Quantitative PCR detected significantly increased expression mRNA levels of the RGR and RGR-d gene in the corresponding transfected ARPE-19 cells. ( B ) Western blotting detected Flag-tagged RGR and RGR-d protein levels under treatment of 4 µM MG132, a 26S proteasome inhibitor. β-Actin levels serve as a protein loading control. ( C ) Quantification of Western blotting results in B . ( D ) Immunofluorescence assay showing expression of RGR and RGR-d. RGR-d protein could only be detected in the presence of MG132. Scale bars : 25 µm. ( E ) Co-IP using precoated Flag-beads demonstrated the level of polyubiquitin chains on RGR-d and RGR protein using the anti-HA antibody. The Myc-beads served as a negative control to exclude nonspecific binding by the Flag-beads. β-Actin levels serve as a protein loading control for input whole-cell lysates. Values in A and C are the mean ± SD. Statistics: unpaired two-tailed t -test ( A ), one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test ( C ). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Lentivirus carrying the human RGR and RGR-d gene (Lv-RGR and Lv-RGR-d) was constructed commercially by Genechem Technology (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Ubiquitin Proteomics, Stable Transfection, Transfection, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Immunofluorescence, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Negative Control, Binding Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

Article Title: Proteopathy Linked to Exon-Skipping Isoform of RGR-Opsin Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

doi: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.41

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro and in vivo analyses of cytotoxicity caused by RGR-d accumulation. Cytotoxicity caused by RGR-d accumulation. ARPE-19 cells were transfected by NC-, RGR-, or RGR-d–overexpressing lentivirus. ( A ) Growth curve showed that the proliferation of RGR-d cells slightly slowed down under normal culture. ( B ) After treatment of 2 µM MG132, the RGR-d cells exhibited the most severe cell morphology changes. ( C ) Cell viability assay by CCK-8 analysis showed the most extensive impaired cell viability of RGR-d cells when treated with different concentrations of MG132. Values are described as percentages to DMSO-treated NC cells, mean ± SD. ( D ) ZO-1 images show severely damaged RPE integrity in RGR-d mice compared with wild-type mice at 23 months old. ( E ) TUNEL assay of fundus sections showing the photoreceptor apoptotic level in peripheral and central fundus regions of RGR-d mice aged 23 months. Scale bars : 200 µm ( B ), 20 µm ( D ), and 100 µm ( E ). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Lentivirus carrying the human RGR and RGR-d gene (Lv-RGR and Lv-RGR-d) was constructed commercially by Genechem Technology (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: In Vitro, In Vivo, Transfection, Viability Assay, CCK-8 Assay, TUNEL Assay